攪拌車(chē)剎車(chē)失靈的原因及介紹
造成剎車(chē)失靈的原因很多，一是對剎車(chē)系統缺乏必要的保養，剎車(chē)總泵里雜質(zhì)太多、密封不嚴、真空助力泵失效、剎車(chē)油過(guò)臟或幾種剎車(chē)油混合使用受熱后出現氣阻、剎車(chē)總泵或分泵漏油、儲氣罐或管路接口漏氣；二是由于操作不當導致機件失靈，如長(cháng)時(shí)間下坡會(huì )使剎車(chē)片摩擦生熱、剎車(chē)轂炭化、剎車(chē)功能完全失效；三是由于嚴重超載，在重力加速度的作用下，加大了車(chē)輛運動(dòng)慣性，直接導致剎車(chē)失靈。
There are many reasons for brake failure. First, there is a lack of necessary maintenance for the brake system. There are too many impurities in the brake master cylinder, the seal is not tight, the vacuum booster pump fails, the brake oil is too dirty or several brake oils are mixed. After heating, there is air resistance, oil leakage from the brake master cylinder or sub cylinder, and air leakage from the air storage tank or pipeline interface; Second, due to improper operation, the machine parts fail. For example, if it goes downhill for a long time, the friction heat of the brake pad, the carbonization of the brake hub and the complete failure of the brake function will be caused; Third, due to serious overload, under the action of gravity acceleration, the vehicle motion inertia is increased, which directly leads to brake failure.
1、根據路況和車(chē)速控制好方向，脫開(kāi)高速擋，同時(shí)迅速轟一腳空油，將高速擋換入低速擋。這樣，發(fā)動(dòng)機會(huì )有很大的牽引阻力使車(chē)速迅速降低。另外，在換低速擋的同時(shí)，應結合使用手剎，但要注意手剎不能拉緊不放，也不能拉得太慢。如果拉得太緊，容易使制動(dòng)盤(pán)抱死，很可能損壞傳動(dòng)機件而喪失制動(dòng)能力；如果拉得太慢，會(huì )使制動(dòng)盤(pán)磨損燒蝕而失去制動(dòng)作用。
1. Control the direction according to the road conditions and vehicle speed, disengage the high-speed gear, quickly blow a foot of empty oil at the same time, and shift the high-speed gear into the low-speed gear. In this way, the engine will have great traction resistance and reduce the speed rapidly. In addition, when shifting to low gear, the hand brake should be used in combination, but it should be noted that the hand brake cannot be tightened or pulled too slowly. If it is pulled too tightly, it is easy to lock the brake disc, which is likely to damage the transmission parts and lose the braking capacity; If it is pulled too slowly, the brake disc will be worn and ablated and lose the braking effect.
2、利用車(chē)的保險杠、車(chē)廂等剛性部位與路邊的天然障礙物摩擦、碰撞，達到強行停車(chē)脫險的目的，盡可能地減少事故損失。
2. The bumper, carriage and other rigid parts of the car are used to rub and collide with the natural obstacles on the roadside, so as to achieve the purpose of forced parking and escape, and reduce the accident loss as much as possible.
3、上坡時(shí)出現剎車(chē)失靈，應適時(shí)減入中低擋，保持足夠的動(dòng)力駛上坡頂停車(chē)。如需半坡停車(chē)，應保持前進(jìn)低擋位，拉緊手制動(dòng)，隨車(chē)人員及時(shí)用石塊、墊木等物卡住車(chē)輪。如有后滑現象，車(chē)尾應朝向山坡或安全一面，并打開(kāi)大燈和緊急信號燈，引起前后車(chē)輛的注意。
3. In case of brake failure when going uphill, reduce to medium and low gear in time to maintain sufficient power to drive up the slope top and stop. If it is necessary to stop on a half slope, keep the forward low gear, tighten the hand brake, and the accompanying personnel shall timely block the wheels with stones, skids and other objects. In case of rear sliding, the rear of the vehicle should face the hillside or safe side, and turn on the headlights and emergency signal lights to attract the attention of the front and rear vehicles.
4、下坡剎車(chē)失靈，不能利用車(chē)輛本身的機件控制車(chē)速時(shí)，駕駛員應果斷地利用天然障礙物，如路旁的巖石、大樹(shù)等，給汽車(chē)造成阻力。如果一時(shí)找不到合適的地形、物體可以利用，緊急情況下可將車(chē)身的一側向山邊靠攏，以摩擦來(lái)增加阻力，逐漸地降低車(chē)速。
4. When the downhill brake fails and the vehicle cannot use its own parts to control the speed, the driver should decisively use natural obstacles, such as rocks and trees along the road, to cause resistance to the vehicle. If you can't find suitable terrain and objects for use at the moment, one side of the car body can be close to the mountain side in case of emergency, so as to increase the resistance by friction and gradually reduce the speed.
攪拌車(chē)車(chē)輛在下長(cháng)坡、陡坡時(shí)不管有無(wú)情況都應該踩一下剎車(chē)。既可以檢驗剎車(chē)性能，也可以在發(fā)現剎車(chē)失靈時(shí)贏(yíng)得控制車(chē)速的時(shí)間，也稱(chēng)為預見(jiàn)性剎車(chē)。
When the mixer truck goes down a long slope or steep slope, it should step on the brake whether there is any condition or not. It can not only test the brake performance, but also win the time to control the speed when the brake fails, also known as predictive braking.
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